What is a TVS diode (ESD suppressor)?
It is a type of Zener diode primarily used to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD), commonly applied to protect ICs from ESD impact via USB lines. The capacitance between the electrodes of a TVS diode is extremely low, so it does not affect the signal, and its dynamic resistance (Rdyn) is very low, enhancing the protective function. Products that support bidirectional ESD have recently become mainstream.
Why do you need TVS diodes (ESD Electrostatic Suppressors)?
Semiconductors used in electronic components have high performance and density, and manufacturing processes have been improved to reduce size. Downsizing tends to reduce a component's tolerance to ESD. Given the many opportunities to connect devices via USB, ESD protection is becoming increasingly important.
Classification of ESD suppressors
Common ESD diodes are semiconductor ESD protection devices (Figure 1), varistors (Figure 2), polymers (Figure 3) and other three kinds of ESD protection devices have their own merits, the difference between the comparison is shown in Table 1; compared to the semiconductor ESD protection devices in the response speed, residual voltage has more advantages, more diversified operating voltage, the cost also tends to be close to the varistors and polymer ESD protection devices, and thus more and more favored by electronic product designers. Therefore, more and more favored by electronic product designers.
ESD-diode-package-1.png" alt="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" title="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" alt="ESD diode package" class="wp-image-3328"/>ESD-diode-type.png" alt="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" title="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" alt="ESD protection device types" class="wp-image-3338"/>How does a TVS diode (ESD suppressor diode) work?
How current flows in a circuit when the electronic component is operating normally (blue line) and when it is exposed to static electricity (red line). When an electronic component is operating normally, the TVS diode remains off and exhibits parasitic (junction) capacitance, thus acting as a capacitor. When a voltage greater than a specific voltage is applied to the TVS diode, current suddenly begins to flow through the TVS diode. Therefore, when an ESD generated voltage enters the circuit, current flows through the TVS diode, keeping the voltage constant and thus protecting the IC and other components behind it from overvoltage and overcurrent.
ESD-diode-Working-Principle-1024x299.jpg" alt="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" title="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" alt="TVS ESD diode working principle" class="wp-image-3330"/>Where are ESD diode used in principle of operation circuits?
Static electricity is discharged onto electronic components when a charged human body comes into contact with them. The most common points of entry for electrostatic discharge (ESD) include USB, HDMI, power and other connector ports. TVS diodes must be connected to all data and power lines that require ESD protection.
ESD-diode-application.jpg" alt="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" title="The overview, working principle, and application locations of ESD suppressors in circuits" alt="ESD diode application" class="wp-image-3343"/>More Information:
More information on the ESD diode product line can be found at: https://semiware.com/en/product-line/esd-protection-diodes/
About Semiware
Semiware has a comprehensive product lineup of circuit protection device products. The company leverages its technology in the semiconductor field and application background in end products to serve customers in the electronics, automotive and industrial markets. For more information, please visit semiware official website: https://semiware.com/en/
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