Overview

A bridge rectifier is an electrical circuit that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) by using four diodes arranged in a bridge configuration. This circuit provides full-wave rectification, which means it converts both the positive and negative halves of the AC waveform into a usable DC output.

Components of a Bridge Rectifier

  • Four diodes: arranged in a bridge configuration
  • AC input: the alternating current input, typically from a transformer
  • DC output: the rectified direct current output

Working Principle

  • Positive Half-Cycle of AC: During the positive half of the AC input, two diodes (typically D1 and D2) conduct, allowing current to flow through the load in one direction.
  • Negative Half-Cycle of AC: During the negative half of the AC input, the other two diodes (D3 and D4) conduct, allowing current to flow through the load in the same direction as during the positive half-cycle.

This process results in a unidirectional current through the load, producing a pulsating DC output.

What Is a Bridege Rectifier?-Protection Devices-TVS Diodes-ESD Protection devices-Gas Discharge Tube-Thyristor-Pled Protectors-Mov

Advantages of a Bridge Rectifier

  • Full-wave rectification: It uses both halves of the AC cycle, improving efficiency over a single diode rectifier.
  • No transformer center tap required: Unlike a center-tapped transformer-based full-wave rectifier, a bridge rectifier doesn't require a center-tapped secondary coil, simplifying the design and reducing cost.

Summary

The DC output from a bridge rectifier is not pure DC; it is a pulsating DC. To smooth the ripple, capacitors and sometimes inductors are used in the circuit to filter the signal, resulting in a smoother DC voltage.

Bridge rectifiers are commonly used in power supplies, chargers, and other applications where AC is converted to DC.

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